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Obesity and pregnancy - Weight gain during pregnancy and after childbirth
Most overweight women c
onceive and give birth to healthy babies, but excess weight increases the risk of complications for both mother and child. The higher the body mass index (BMI), the greater the risk.
How can risks be reduced?
- Eat a healthy diet, making healthy changes to your eating habits to avoid excessive weight gain during pregnancy.
- Engage in physical activity such as swimming and walking, starting with 15 minutes three times a week and gradually increasing to 30 minutes daily.
- Take an appropriate dose of folic acid (5 mg daily), ideally starting one month before conception.
Risks that may increase during pregnancy due to weight gain:
- Blood clots (a blood clot in the leg or lung, which can be life-threatening).
- Gestational diabetes (women with a body mass index (BMI) over 30 are three times more likely to develop gestational diabetes than those with a BMI under 25).
- Preeclampsia and gestational hypertension (the risk of developing these conditions increases 3 times if the body mass index (BMI) is over 30(especially if the mother is over 40 years old, has had preeclampsia in previous pregnancies, or had high blood pressure before pregnancy).
- Risks to the fetus (early miscarriage, fetal demise, birth of a baby weighing more than 4 kg and subsequent complications).
Therefore, it is recommended to lose weight before planning a pregnancy while keeping the body mass index (BMI) below 30.
The typical weight gain pattern during the nine months of pregnancy is as follows:
• From the first to the third month: Most women do not need to gain any weight, and if weight is gained, it is preferable that it does not exceed 0-2 kg.
• From the fourth to the ninth month: A steady weight gain is very important for fetal growth, at a rate of 1-2 kg/month.
It is recommended to follow these guidelines during pregnancy:
• Eat a variety of light meals spread throughout the day, divided into five smaller meals.
• Drink plenty of fluids, especially water.
• Eat fresh fruits and vegetables, which promote a feeling of fullness despite being low in calories.
• Reduce your intake of sweets and fried foods as much as possible.
• Reduce your intake of fast food, which contributes to weight gain without providing any nutritional value for you or your child.
• Consume proteins essential for cell building, such as all types of meat, eggs, dairy products, and legumes.
• Eat calcium-rich foods like milk, yogurt, and cheese.
What is a healthy weight gain rate during pregnancy?
If your body mass index (BMI) is between 25 and 29.9, you will need to gain 7 to 11 kg.
If your BMI is 30 or higher, you will need to gain 5 to 9 kg.
Is it possible to lose weight during pregnancy?
If a pregnant woman decides to lose weight, she should do so in moderation, as this is not the time to try a strict diet or an intense exercise program. It is best to talk to your doctor before starting any exercise program during pregnancy to ensure you are eating healthily and exercising appropriately for your stage of pregnancy.
What is a suitable diet for pregnant women?
Avoid fried foods and opt for grilled options instead.
It is recommended to eat thoroughly washed fruits and vegetables.
Avoid starting a weight-loss diet during pregnancy.
Reduce your salt intake, as it causes fluid retention, which can lead to high blood pressure.
How can I protect myself from excessive weight gain during pregnancy?
Starting pregnancy at a healthy weight
1. Eat healthy foods during pregnancy
2. Drink enough water
3. Start a simple walking routine
4. Exercise during pregnancy
Dr Najeeb Layyous F.R.C.O.G
Consultant Obstetrician, Gynecologist and Infertility Specialist
